Phenotypes

Besnard et al. (2023) "present a data-mining framework designed to detect recessive defects in livestock that have been previously missed due to a lack of specific signs, incomplete penetrance, or incomplete linkage disequilibrium. This approach leverages the massive data generated by genomic selection. Its basic principle is to compare the observed and expected numbers of homozygotes for sliding haplotypes in animals with different life histo...

O’Callaghan et al. (2023) "present a detailed phenotypic and molecular characterization of an intronic variant in cattle that activates cryptic splicing of the adenylate kinase 9 (AK9) gene resulting in extreme subfertility associated with impaired sperm hyperactivation, failure of oocyte binding/penetration, and low frequency of embryo development culminating in severely compromised field fertility."

Al-Khudhair et al. (2024) report a variant in the CACNA1S gene (rs3423414874) as likely causal variant for this condition.

From a BAC contig encompassing the candidate region of the bovine MHC (see Mapping section above), Sugimoto at al. (2003) determined that this disorder in Holstein-Friesian cattle is due to the deletion of one of two HSP70 (heat-shock protein) genes in the bovine major histocompatibility complex.

Besnard et al. (2023) monitored “sire-family calf mortality within the French and Walloon Holstein populations, and ... [used] this information to detect genetic defects that might have been overlooked by lack of specific symptoms. … After outlining the 5 worst bulls per category, [the authors] ... paid particular attention to the bulls Mo and Pa, because they were half-brothers. Using a battery of approaches, including necropsies, karyotyping...

Michot et al. (2016): "a one base pair insertion (Chr14: g.23995411_23995412insA) that affects the retinitis pigmentosa-1 gene (RP1) . . . [and] is predicted to cause a frameshift at codon 791 and to terminate the protein 13 amino acids later (p. R791KfsX13)".

Syndactyly has been reported in many breeds of cattle in many countries. Most of the documentation, however, concerns its occurrence in US Holsteins, where, as a result of the siring of more than 60,000 calves by a bull who was subsequently shown to be a carrier, the disorder attracted considerable attention (Anon., 1967). The possibility that artificial selection favouring heterozygotes may have contributed to the unacceptably high frequency ...

On the strength of a clear candidate gene in which mutations cause the same disorder in dogs (OMIA 001003-9615), Boudreaux et al. (2007) reported that this disorder in a Simmental calf is due to a missense mutation (c.701T>C) in the CalDAG-GEFI gene which is now called RASGRP2. Jansen et al. (2013) reported that "Sanger sequencing confirmed that all thrombopathic animals are homozygous for the [same] pertinent amino acid exchange (c.701T &g...

Using a comparative candidate-gene strategy (based on the homologous disorder in other species), Kawakura et al. (1996) showed that the SRY gene was absent in three XY female cattle from Japan (one each of Holstein Friesian, Japanese Black and Jersey breed). The authors concluded that these cases of sex reversal were due to a deletion of the SRY gene.

No summary available.