<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2020-02-10 19:47:17 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-05 18:40:44 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0063711</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB63711</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>lactobionic acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>4-(beta-D-Galactosido)-D-gluconic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(b-D-Galactosido)-D-gluconate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(b-D-Galactosido)-D-gluconic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(beta-D-Galactosido)-D-gluconate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(Β-D-galactosido)-D-gluconate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(Β-D-galactosido)-D-gluconic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactobionate</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactobionic acid, monosodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Copper lactobionate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ferric lactobionate</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactobionic acid, calcium salt (2:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>Calcium lactobionate anhydrous</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C12H22O12</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>358.2959</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>358.111126168</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}hexanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>lactobionic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>96-82-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C12H22O12/c13-1-3(15)10(7(18)8(19)11(21)22)24-12-9(20)6(17)5(16)4(2-14)23-12/h3-10,12-20H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,12+/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides. Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides are compounds composed of a mono- or disaccharide moiety linked to one hydroxyl group of a fatty alcohol or of a phosphorylated alcohol (phosphoprenols), a hydroxy fatty acid or to one carboxyl group of a fatty acid (ester linkage) or to an amino alcohol.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acyl glycosides</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heterocyclic fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydroxy fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Medium-chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Sugar acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Beta-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Gluconic_acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Heterocyclic fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Medium-chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Medium-chain hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>disaccharide</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state/>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.78</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.24</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-5.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.26</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-3.5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}hexanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>358.2959</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>358.111126168</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C12H22O12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C12H22O12/c13-1-3(15)10(7(18)8(19)11(21)22)24-12-9(20)6(17)5(16)4(2-14)23-12/h3-10,12-20H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,12+/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>217.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>70.68</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>32.06</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>8</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>9</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2101</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2129</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>92721</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>92722</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>92723</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>156393</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>156394</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>156395</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Mammary Gland</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Mammary Gland</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Urine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Samples collected from 16 multiparous Holstein cows </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25599412</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>7314</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>55481</chebi_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Lactobionic_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
