<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-10-03 18:05:34 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:10:48 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0010386</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB0062752</accession>
    <accession>BMDB10386</accession>
    <accession>BMDB62752</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</name>
  <description>Lysopc(18:2(9Z,12Z)), also known as LPC 18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0 or LPC(18:2n6/0:0), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the glycerol is esterified with a fatty acid at O-1 position, and linked at position 3 to a phosphocholine. Thus, lysopc(18:2(9Z,12Z)) is considered to be a glycerophosphocholine lipid molecule. Lysopc(18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Lysopc(18:2(9Z,12Z)) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1-(9Z,12Z)-Octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-18:2-LysoPC</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-GPC</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-GPC (18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoylglycerophosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC 18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2n6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2Omega6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LyPC(18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>LyPC(18:2n6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LyPC(18:2omega6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC 18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2n6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2omega6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2n6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2omega6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC 18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LyPC(18:2/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl lysolecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoylglycerol-3-phosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleoyllysolecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleyl lysophosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2(9Z,12Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2n6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2W6)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(18:2W6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2(9Z,12Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2W6)</synonym>
    <synonym>LPC(18:2W6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2W6)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2W6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2(9Z,12Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2W6)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysophosphatidylcholine(18:2W6/0:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C26H50NO7P</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>519.6515</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>519.332489471</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>22252-07-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@](O)(COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C26H50NO7P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-26(29)32-23-25(28)24-34-35(30,31)33-22-21-27(2,3)4/h9-10,12-13,25,28H,5-8,11,14-24H2,1-4H3/b10-9-,13-12-/t25-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>SPJFYYJXNPEZDW-FTJOPAKQSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the glycerol is esterified with a fatty acid at O-1 position, and linked at position 3 to a phosphocholine.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Glycerophospholipids</class>
    <sub_class>Glycerophosphocholines</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Amines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dialkyl phosphates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phosphocholines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetraalkylammonium salts</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Dialkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic phosphoric acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphoric acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Quaternary ammonium salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetraalkylammonium salt</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Monoacylglycerophosphocholines</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.22</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.34</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.36</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.86</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-3.4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>519.6515</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>519.332489471</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@](O)(COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C26H50NO7P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C26H50NO7P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-26(29)32-23-25(28)24-34-35(30,31)33-22-21-27(2,3)4/h9-10,12-13,25,28H,5-8,11,14-24H2,1-4H3/b10-9-,13-12-/t25-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>SPJFYYJXNPEZDW-FTJOPAKQSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>105.12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>153.71</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>58.75</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>24</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>39495</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2441548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2441549</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2441550</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2458837</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2458838</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2458839</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2476814</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2476815</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2476816</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2862700</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2862701</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2862702</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2910983</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2910984</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2910985</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336078</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336079</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336080</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336081</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336082</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336083</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336084</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336085</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336086</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336088</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336089</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336090</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336091</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336092</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336093</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336094</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336095</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336096</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>336097</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>All Tissues</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Detected by DFI-MS/MS (P180) in periparturient Holstein cows.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN: Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2680-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803. Epub 2014 Mar 13.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24630653</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>15 +/- 3</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>30-186</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Artegoitia VM, Middleton JL, Harte FM, Campagna SR, de Veth MJ: Choline and choline metabolite patterns and associations in blood and milk during lactation in dairy cows. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 26;9(8):e103412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103412. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25157578</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>4.31 +/- 2.3</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Detected by DFI-MS/MS (P180) 4 week before parturition</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN: Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2680-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803. Epub 2014 Mar 13.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24630653</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ in male Charolais and Holstein cows.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Weikard R, Altmaier E, Suhre K, Weinberger KM, Hammon HM, Albrecht E, Setoguchi K, Takasuga A, Kuhn C: Metabolomic profiles indicate distinct physiological pathways affected by two loci with major divergent effect on Bos taurus growth and lipid deposition. Physiol Genomics. 2010 Oct;42A(2):79-88. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00120.2010. Epub 2010 Jul 20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>20647382</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1.1 +/- 0.3</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Longissimus Thoracis Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.3 +/- 0.1</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.181 +/- 0.002</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial skim milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.164 +/- 0.004</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 1% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.19 +/- 0.01</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 2% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.185 +/- 0.004</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 3.25% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.2 +/- 0.1</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.16 +/- 0.04</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured DFI-MS/MS.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.09 +/- 0.04</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Semimembranosus Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.4 +/- 0.1</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.41 +/- 0.13</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By LC-MS/MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <chemspider_id>9181014</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>11005824</pubchem_compound_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB030316</foodb_id>
  <chebi_id>28733</chebi_id>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-8347</meta_cyc_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
