Bovine Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Ketoleucine (BMDB0000695)

Identification Taxonomy Physical properties Pathways Spectra Concentrations Links References enzymes (3) Show 3 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-09-30 22:35:02 UTC

Update Date

2020-05-21 16:28:44 UTC

BMDB ID

BMDB0000695

Secondary Accession Numbers

BMDB00695

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Ketoleucine

Description

Ketoleucine, also known as 2-oxoisocaproate or 2-oxoleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. Ketoleucine is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Ketoleucine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Ketoleucine is a potentially toxic compound. Ketoleucine, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, missing teeth, eosinophilic esophagitis, and gout; ketoleucine has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder maple syrup urine disease.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-oxo-4-METHYLPENTANOIC ACID	ChEBI
2-Oxoisocaproate	ChEBI
4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate	ChEBI
4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid	ChEBI
alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid	ChEBI
2-oxo-4-METHYLPENTANOate	Generator
2-Oxoisocaproic acid	Generator
4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid	Generator
4-Methyl-2-oxovalerate	Generator
a-Ketoisocaproate	Generator
a-Ketoisocaproic acid	Generator
alpha-Ketoisocaproate	Generator
Α-ketoisocaproate	Generator
Α-ketoisocaproic acid	Generator
2-Keto-4-methylvalerate	HMDB
2-Keto-4-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
2-Ketoisocaproate	HMDB
2-Ketoisocaproic acid	HMDB
2-oxo-4-Methylvalerate	HMDB
2-oxo-4-Methylvaleric acid	HMDB
2-Oxoleucine	HMDB
4-Methyl-2-oxo-valerate	HMDB
4-Methyl-2-oxo-valeric acid	HMDB
a-Ketoisocapronate	HMDB
a-Ketoisocapronic acid	HMDB
a-Oxoisocaproate	HMDB
a-Oxoisocaproic acid	HMDB
alpha-Keto-isocaproate	HMDB
alpha-Keto-isocaproic acid	HMDB
alpha-Ketoisocapronate	HMDB
alpha-Ketoisocapronic acid	HMDB
alpha-Oxoisocaproate	HMDB
alpha-Oxoisocaproic acid	HMDB
Ketoisocaproate	HMDB
Ketoisocaproic acid	HMDB
Methyloxovalerate	HMDB
Methyloxovaleric acid	HMDB
Oxoisocaproate	HMDB
Oxoisocaproic acid	HMDB
Keto-leucine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₀O₃

Average Molecular Weight

130.1418

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

130.062994186

IUPAC Name

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid

Traditional Name

ketoisocaproate

CAS Registry Number

816-66-0

SMILES

CC(C)CC(=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H10O3/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)

InChI Key

BKAJNAXTPSGJCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Keto acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Short-chain keto acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Short-chain keto acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Short-chain keto acid
Alpha-keto acid
Fatty acyl
Alpha-hydroxy ketone
Ketone
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carbonyl group
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organic oxide
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

2-oxo monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:48430 )

Ontology

Status

Detected but not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Exogenous

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Mitochondria

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	8 - 10 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	32 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	0.82	ALOGPS
logP	1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-1.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.53	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-9.7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	54.37 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	31.77 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Mitochondria

Biospecimen Locations

Liver
Mammary Gland
Neuron
Placenta
Prostate Tissue
Skeletal Muscle

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Mammary Gland	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Mammary Gland	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Neuron	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Placenta	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Prostate Tissue	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Skeletal Muscle	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000695

DrugBank ID

DB03229

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB030510

KNApSAcK ID

C00019677

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

C00233

BioCyc ID

2K-4CH3-PENTANOATE

BiGG ID

34334

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

5663

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

48430

References

Synthesis Reference

Tabuchi, Takeshi; Abe, Matazo. Fermentative preparation of a-ketoisocaproic acid. Jpn. Tokkyo Koho (1970), 3 pp.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids (By similarity).
Gene Name:: BCAT2
Uniprot ID:: Q5EA40
Molecular weight:: 44648.0

Reactions

L-Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → Ketoleucine + L-Glutamic acid	details

Enzyme Details

2. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial

General function:: Energy production and conversion
Specific function:: The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:: BCKDHA
Uniprot ID:: P11178
Molecular weight:: 51678.0

Reactions

Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

3. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial

General function:: Energy production and conversion
Specific function:: The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:: BCKDHB
Uniprot ID:: P21839
Molecular weight:: 42935.0

Reactions

Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details

Showing metabocard for Ketoleucine (BMDB0000695)

Structure for BMDB0000695 (Ketoleucine)

Enzymes

Reactions

Reactions

Reactions