Showing metabocard for L-Cysteine (BMDB0000574)

General function:

Involved in metalloendopeptidase activity

Specific function:

Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth-like factor, ephrin-A2, CD44, CDH2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) (PubMed:10097139). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellular prion protein (By similarity). Involved in the cleavage of the adhesion molecule L1 at the cell surface and in released membrane vesicles, suggesting a vesicle-based protease activity (By similarity). Controls also the proteolytic processing of Notch and mediates lateral inhibition during neurogenesis (By similarity). Responsible for the FasL ectodomain shedding and for the generation of the remnant ADAM10-processed FasL (FasL APL) transmembrane form (By similarity). Also cleaves the ectodomain of the integral membrane proteins CORIN and ITM2B (By similarity). Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of LAG3, leading to release the secreted form of LAG3 (By similarity). Enhances the cleavage of CHL1 by BACE1 (By similarity). Cleaves NRCAM (By similarity). Cleaves TREM2, resulting in shedding of the TREM2 ectodomain (By similarity). Involved in the development and maturation of glomerular and coronary vasculature (By similarity). During development of the cochlear organ of Corti, promotes pillar cell separation by forming a ternary complex with CADH1 and EPHA4 and cleaving CADH1 at adherens junctions (By similarity). May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADAM10

Uniprot ID:

Q10741

Molecular weight:

84188.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GOT1

Uniprot ID:

P33097

Molecular weight:

46399.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in cysteine dioxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CDO1

Uniprot ID:

Q3SZU4

Molecular weight:

23013.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X.

Gene Name:

MMP1

Uniprot ID:

P28053

Molecular weight:

53354.0

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CARS2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIF8

Molecular weight:

61199.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MMP9

Uniprot ID:

P52176

Molecular weight:

79088.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Endopeptidase that degrades various components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen. Activates progelatinase A. Essential for pericellular collagenolysis and modeling of skeletal and extraskeletal connective tissues during development. May be involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization by cleaving PTK7. Acts as a positive regulator of cell growth and migration via activation of MMP15 in association with pro-MMP2. Involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues in association with pro-MMP2. Cleaves ADGRB1 to release vasculostatin-40 which inhibits angiogenesis.

Gene Name:

MMP14

Uniprot ID:

Q9GLE4

Molecular weight:

65883.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CCN2. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bone development and ossification. Plays a role in the healing of bone fractures via endochondral ossification. Plays a role in wound healing, probably by a mechanism that involves proteolytic activation of TGFB1 and degradation of CCN2. Plays a role in keratinocyte migration during wound healing. May play a role in cell migration and in tumor cell invasion (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MMP13

Uniprot ID:

O77656

Molecular weight:

53921.0

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Degrades amelogenin, the major protein component of the enamel matrix and two of the macromolecules characterizing the cartilage extracellular matrix: aggrecan and the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). May play a central role in tooth enamel formation. Cleaves aggrecan at the '360-Ser-|-Phe-361' site.

Gene Name:

MMP20

Uniprot ID:

O18767

Molecular weight:

53781.0

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated.

Gene Name:

MGMT

Uniprot ID:

P29177

Molecular weight:

967.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target proteins: sulfhydration consists of converting -SH groups into -SSH on specific cysteine residues of target proteins such as GAPDH, PTPN1 and NF-kappa-B subunit RELA, thereby regulating their function (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CTH

Uniprot ID:

Q58DW2

Molecular weight:

44406.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta-type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3beta in vitro. Involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MMP2

Uniprot ID:

Q9GLE5

Molecular weight:

73777.0

General function:

Involved in metalloendopeptidase activity

Specific function:

Cleaves aggrecan, a cartilage proteoglycan, and may be involved in its turnover. May play an important role in the destruction of aggrecan in arthritic diseases. Cleaves aggrecan at the '392-Glu-|-Ala-393' site.

Gene Name:

ADAMTS4

Uniprot ID:

Q9TT93

Molecular weight:

90280.0

General function:

Involved in ADP binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCLC

Uniprot ID:

Q32S38

Molecular weight:

69023.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and may play a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with resultant induction of apoptosis.

Gene Name:

GGCT

Uniprot ID:

Q32LE4

Molecular weight:

21177.0

Reactions

General function:

Cell motility

Specific function:

Specific inhibition of calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease). Plays a key role in postmortem tenderization of meat and have been proposed to be involved in muscle protein degradation in living tissue.

Gene Name:

CAST

Uniprot ID:

P20811

Molecular weight:

75843.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCLM

Uniprot ID:

Q2T9Y6

Molecular weight:

30533.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CARS1

Uniprot ID:

A4FUC8

Molecular weight:

94133.0

Reactions