<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:30:48 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:50:29 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000442</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00442</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>(S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(3S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3Hb</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-beta-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-3-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-b-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-b-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-beta-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-Β-hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-Β-hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-3-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-3-Hydroxy-N-butyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(3S)-3-Hydroxy-butanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3S)-3-Hydroxy-butanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxy-butanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxy-butanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-b-Hydroxyisobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-b-Hydroxyisobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-beta-Hydroxyisobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-beta-Hydroxyisobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-2-Methyl-hydracrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-2-Methyl-hydracrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-b-Hydroxyisobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-b-Hydroxyisobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-beta-Hydroxyisobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-beta-Hydroxyisobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-beta-Hydroxybutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-beta-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-Β-hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-beta-Hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-Β-hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxy-N-butyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-beta-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Β-hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-Hydroxy-N-butyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-Hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Β-hydroxy-N-butyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Β-hydroxybutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Β-hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C4H8O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>104.1045</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>104.047344122</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(3S)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>β-hydroxybutyrate,l</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>6168-83-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-VKHMYHEASA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Hydroxy acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acids and conjugates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Beta-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Short-chain hydroxy acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>3-hydroxybutyric acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>45 - 48 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.50</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.71</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.39</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.41</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-2.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(3S)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>104.1045</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>104.047344122</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C4H8O3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m0/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-VKHMYHEASA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>57.53</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>23.46</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>9.94</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1315</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>17759</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37538</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>168615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062746</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062748</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062749</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062751</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062753</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>644</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>645</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>646</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305344</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305345</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305346</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348736</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348737</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348738</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2819199</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2819200</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2819201</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2890537</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2890538</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2890539</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1371</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143890</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143891</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143892</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143893</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143894</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143895</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143896</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143897</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143898</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143899</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143900</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143901</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143902</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143903</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143904</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143905</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143906</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143907</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143908</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143909</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Brain</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Neuron</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Skeletal Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB022048</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C03197</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>85121</chemspider_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chebi_id>17290</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>94318</pubchem_compound_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-1843</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Beta-Hydroxybutyric_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Zhao, Jun.  Synthesis of (S)-b-hydroxybutanoic acid from L-lactic acid.    Hecheng Huaxue  (1998),  6(4),  442-444.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00595</protein_accession>
      <name>Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QP15</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ADHFE1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
