<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:30:36 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:43:46 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000429</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00429</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>17a-Estradiol</name>
  <description>17a-Estradiol, also known as alpha-estradiol or estradiol-17alpha, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 17a-estradiol is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 17a-Estradiol exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. 17a-Estradiol is a potentially toxic compound. 17a-Estradiol has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including glutaryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (gdhd).</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Alfatradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Estradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estra-1,3,5(10)trien-3,17alpha-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estradiol-17alpha</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Estradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-estradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estra-1,3,5(10)trien-3,17a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estra-1,3,5(10)trien-3,17α-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estradiol-17a</synonym>
    <synonym>Estradiol-17α</synonym>
    <synonym>17a-Estradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>17Α-estradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3,5-Estratriene-3,17a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>13b-Methyl-1,3,5(10)-gonatriene-3,17a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>17-Epiestradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>17a-Oestradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>3,17-Dihydroxyestratriene</synonym>
    <synonym>3,17a-Dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene</synonym>
    <synonym>3,17a-Dihydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene</synonym>
    <synonym>Epiestradiol</synonym>
    <synonym>Epiestrol</synonym>
    <synonym>Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>17alpha-Estradiol</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C18H24O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>272.382</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>272.177630012</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>57-91-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C18H24O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-17,19-20H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18+/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>VOXZDWNPVJITMN-SFFUCWETSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Steroids and steroid derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Estrane steroids</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Estrogens and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>17-hydroxysteroids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>3-hydroxysteroids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic alcohols and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenanthrenes and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetralins</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>17-hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Estrogen-skeleton</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenanthrene</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetralin</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>17alpha-hydroxy steroid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>3-hydroxy steroid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Estrane and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>estradiol</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>216 - 219 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>0.0039 mg/mL</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.57</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.11</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.75</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>10.33</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-0.88</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>272.382</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>272.177630012</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@]12CC[C@@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C18H24O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C18H24O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-17,19-20H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18+/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>VOXZDWNPVJITMN-SFFUCWETSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>40.46</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>79.9</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>31.93</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>155</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1311</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2059</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>16289</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31143</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37528</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>155771</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062350</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062352</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062353</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062355</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1062357</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>632</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>633</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>634</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>302086</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>302087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>302088</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>344722</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>344723</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>344724</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236098</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237301</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2239392</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2240315</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2241408</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2242400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2243444</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2248658</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2249715</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2428351</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2428352</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2428353</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506529</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506530</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506531</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Milk from Friesuan Holstein cows (n=1035)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000145 +/- 0.00003928</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Whole milk (commercial)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Courant F, Antignac JP, Maume D, Monteau F, Andre F, Le Bizec B: Determination of naturally occurring oestrogens and androgens in retail samples of milk and eggs. Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1358-66. doi: 10.1080/02652030701329637.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>17852390</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000111</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Half skim milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ, Kastelic JP, Small JA: Comparison of 2 enzyme immunoassays and a radioimmunoassay for measurement of progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma, skim milk, and whole milk. Can J Vet Res. 2008 Jan;72(1):32-6.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18214159</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000116</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Whole milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Courant F, Antignac JP, Laille J, Monteau F, Andre F, Le Bizec B: Exposure assessment of prepubertal children to steroid endocrine disruptors. 2. Determination of steroid hormones in milk, egg, and meat samples. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 May 14;56(9):3176-84. doi: 10.1021/jf800096f. Epub 2008 Apr 16.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18412364</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB112198</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C02537</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>61840</chemspider_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chebi_id>17160</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>68570</pubchem_compound_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>17α-Estradiol</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>5418</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Gardi, Rinaldo; Pedrali, Cesare; Ercoli, Alberto.  3-Cyclopentyl ethers of 16,17-oxygenated estrogens. New synthesis of 17a-estradiol.    Gazzetta Chimica Italiana  (1963),  93(8-9),  1028-43.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Courant F, Antignac JP, Maume D, Monteau F, Andre F, Le Bizec B: Determination of naturally occurring oestrogens and androgens in retail samples of milk and eggs. Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1358-66. doi: 10.1080/02652030701329637.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17852390</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ, Kastelic JP, Small JA: Comparison of 2 enzyme immunoassays and a radioimmunoassay for measurement of progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma, skim milk, and whole milk. Can J Vet Res. 2008 Jan;72(1):32-6.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18214159</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Courant F, Antignac JP, Laille J, Monteau F, Andre F, Le Bizec B: Exposure assessment of prepubertal children to steroid endocrine disruptors. 2. Determination of steroid hormones in milk, egg, and meat samples. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 May 14;56(9):3176-84. doi: 10.1021/jf800096f. Epub 2008 Apr 16.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18412364</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
