Showing metabocard for Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (BMDB0000112)

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ABAT

Uniprot ID:

Q9BGI0

Molecular weight:

56731.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the production of GABA.

Gene Name:

GAD1

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCA1

Molecular weight:

66784.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in ATPase binding

Specific function:

Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABARAPL2

Uniprot ID:

P60519

Molecular weight:

13667.0

General function:

Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel acti

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GABRB3

Uniprot ID:

A1L501

Molecular weight:

39559.0

General function:

Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel acti

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GABRD

Uniprot ID:

A2VE38

Molecular weight:

50740.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:2548852). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRB2

Uniprot ID:

P0C2W5

Molecular weight:

54451.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRP

Uniprot ID:

Q5EA06

Molecular weight:

50430.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Ligand-gated chloride channel subunit which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. May be involved in GABA-A receptor assembly, and GABA-A receptor immobilization and accumulation by gephyrin at the synapse.

Gene Name:

GABRA5

Uniprot ID:

Q08E50

Molecular weight:

52172.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity). Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.

Gene Name:

GABRB1

Uniprot ID:

P08220

Molecular weight:

54130.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.

Gene Name:

GABRA4

Uniprot ID:

P20237

Molecular weight:

61547.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (By similarity). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor, alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha1/beta3/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity whereas the alpha2/beta3/gamma2 receptor shows very little or no synaptogenic activity (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRG2

Uniprot ID:

P22300

Molecular weight:

55265.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.

Gene Name:

GABRA3

Uniprot ID:

P10064

Molecular weight:

55284.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:2842688). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor exhibits synaptogenic activity whereas the alpha2/beta3/gamma2 receptor shows very little or no synaptogenic activity (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRA2

Uniprot ID:

P10063

Molecular weight:

51146.0

General function:

Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel acti

Specific function:

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRR2

Uniprot ID:

Q0II76

Molecular weight:

54122.0

General function:

Involved in chloride channel activity

Specific function:

Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:3037384). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha1/beta3/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity (By similarity). GABRA1-mediated plasticity in the orbitofrontal cortex regulates context-dependent action selection (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABRA1

Uniprot ID:

P08219

Molecular weight:

51856.0

General function:

Involved in exocytosis

Specific function:

Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may function in localizing synaptic vesicles at synapses where it is recruited by beta-catenin and cadherin. Required to localize Kir2 channels, GABA transporter (SLC6A12) and EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4 to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells (By similarity).

Gene Name:

LIN7C

Uniprot ID:

Q0P5F3

Molecular weight:

21834.0

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may function in localizing synaptic vesicles at synapses where it is recruited by beta-catenin and cadherin. Required to localize Kir2 channels, GABA transporter (SLC6A12) and EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4 to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells. May increase the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by stabilizing the channel at the cell surface (By similarity).

Gene Name:

LIN7B

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIB6

Molecular weight:

22280.0

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may function in localizing synaptic vesicles at synapses where it is recruited by beta-catenin and cadherin. Required to localize Kir2 channels, GABA transporter (SLC6A12) and EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4 to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells (By similarity).

Gene Name:

LIN7A

Uniprot ID:

Q32LM6

Molecular weight:

25997.0

General function:

Involved in protein transport

Specific function:

Ubiquitin-like modifier that plays a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABARAP

Uniprot ID:

Q9GJW7

Molecular weight:

13918.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Ubiquitin-like modifier that increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GABARAPL1

Uniprot ID:

Q8HYB6

Molecular weight:

14044.0

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA binding

Specific function:

Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. It is also able to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor. It is therefore possible that this protein also acts as a neuropeptide to modulate the action of the GABA receptor.

Gene Name:

DBI

Uniprot ID:

P07107

Molecular weight:

10044.0

General function:

Involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium symporter ac

Specific function:

Sodium-dependent GABA and taurine transporter. In presynaptic terminals, regulates GABA signaling termination through GABA uptake. May also be involved in beta-alanine transport (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC6A13

Uniprot ID:

A5PJX7

Molecular weight:

67788.0